Here's another insight from the books of the Maccabees: You can see in all the wars and political maneuverings in the time period that there is this thing called being a Friend of the King (for example, in I Maccabees 6). In my English Bible (NABRE) it's even capitalized, as a title, to show that it was kind of a title - to be a "Friend of the King" meant a couple things. For a person, it meant being in the king's inner circle, part advisor, but more importantly, in a position to get favors. For a nation, it meant being an ally. When it comes to Rome, one can be a Friend of Rome - which was a thing, even before there were emperors - see I Maccabees 8:20, where the Jews send a delegation to make a treaty with Rome. The treaty includes the idea that "your enemies are my enemies" so if anyone attacks Israel, the Romans promise to step up and fight for them. Likewise, if anyone attacks Rome, the Jews promise to fight on their side.

Ok, so what? The point is that this provides an important background for John 19:12, which says: Consequently, Pilate tried to release him; but the Jews cried out, “If you release him, you are not a Friend of Caesar. Everyone who makes himself a king opposes Caesar.”

So you see, knowing that being a "Friend of Caesar" is an actual thing, not just rhetoric, really shows the teeth of the threat here - the leaders of the Sanhedrin are saying to Pilate, "If you release him, we will report back to Rome that you are betraying your treaty with them." Or something like that. This gives us an insight into why Pilate was so willing to give in to them.